Mexican Americans were informed by their ethnic identity, but also by state identity as prison gangs formed. The Gonzales homicide was merely one representative example of the larger problem of violence stemming from the war between the Texas Syndicate and the Texas Mexican Mafia that raged inside the walls of the prison units. Texas Syndicate, a criminal organization whose members and associates engage in acts of violence, including murder, conspiracy to commit murder, extortion and narcotics distribution.. Additionally, many prison units were being constructed as the state and the rest of the country saw a rise in inmate populations. If an officer fails to cooperate, a gang has non-violent ways of retaliating []. The details of exactly who he saw murdered were not clear but according to homicide records, the victim was probably Cesario Gonzales who was killed on August 31, 1985. In his testimony, Ortiz alleged that while in his cell with Hernandez, he was told about Sandovals role of leaving his post and leaving the door unlocked (Fair, 1991). In the French movie The Nest the plot centers around an Albanian mob boss in police custody being escorted to The Hague. In 1991, for example, a prison guard who worked at the Ellis I unit where Sandoval had once worked was indicted with drug muling. In fact, from roughly 1986 to 1991, the special prison prosecution unit charged at least sixty Texas prison guards with felony offenses (Draper, 1991). (Associated Press), On FEBRUARY 12, 2007 17 Houston area Texas Syndicate members are charged for several area murders, racketeering, armed robberies and drug trafficking. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2004, The Raza Unida and Texas Syndicate settle on a truce. The larger pool of applicants paved the way for many new minority employees such as Mexican Americans to join the staff of the Texas prison system. H. Christoph/ullstein bild/Getty Images Young man shot by the British military on Bloody Sunday. The jurors in Sandovals trial werent convinced that Sandoval worked for or with the gang in any way (McKay, 1991). Testifying for murder defendant and former Ellis I guard Luis Sandoval, a string of prison employees said the doors were left open despite a policy requiring that they be locked at all times (McKay, 1991). Unbeknownst to Sandoval, he was entering as a prison guard during a transitional period from 1979-1986 for the TDC dubbed a Broken System, as many court cases had upended the autonomous power of the prison administration during this period. He also placed phone calls for them to the outside world and relayed harmless, though highly likely coded, messages for their illicit activity. The Artichoke King Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova controlled the 116th Street Crew during the prohibition era. Fields such as criminal justice, sociology, and criminology have provided vast research into prison gangs, and more specifically Mexican American prison gangs. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1980, the Texas Syndicate gain full control of the prison systems drug trade after the practice of using building tenders to assist guards is ruled out by a Civil court. Here is also where the earliest prison gangs were formed. Their . Italy Albanian emigrants started arriving at Italian ports in 1991. Sandoval experienced the escalated violence in the summer of 1985 first hand as he initiated his career as a correctional officer. New employment opportunities were too good to pass up for Sandoval and broadly speaking, for Mexican Americans. Regardless of what skeptics may argue, they engage in various illicit criminal activities such as the drug trade, prostitution, robbery, and extortion within the walls of Texas prison units (Fair, 1988). Three days later, the criminals published a note in the leading Brussels newspaper Le Soir , demanding 30 million Belgian francs in ransom. Crim. Five months earlier, in August 1971 and against a backdrop of escalating violence and increased bombings in Northern Ireland, a new law was introduced giving the authorities the power to imprison . It was claimed that Sandoval felt more at home with fellow Hispanics than with the Black inmates, who terrified him (Statistical Atlas, 1991). Another trial focused on the parties who were responsible for the murder of Arredondo was underway. Rudaj Organization The most famous Albanian criminal organization was the Rudaj Organization . (Associates Press), On January 2009, 10 Texas Syndicate members invade the home of an Austin couple and rob the family of their TVs wallets, and vehicles. In October 2004, the FBI arrested 22 men who worked for it. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. Ruz claimed the Texas Department of Corrections (TDC) prison system violated the U.S. Constitutions 8th Amendment which prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. Thirteen. Later in the game, Albanian gangs appear working as muscle for other organizations, such as the Cosa Nostra or the Bratva . Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. It was on this day and in the following . Thus, the public generally perceives prison gangs and their activity to be violent. The Texas Syndicate, a prison gang that operates in and outside of penitentiaries, is considered by state law-enforcement officials to be among the most dangerous criminal organizations in. Inside the walls of each prison is drugs, prostitution, gambling, extortion, and grand theft, but no investigation into any of these things has ever been made (Draper, 1991). May 2, 2011. In the 1980s, one employment pursuit was prisoner guard positions in Texas, positions which were not glowingly sought after. The Bloody Sunday Inquiry, also known as the Saville Inquiry or the Saville Report after its chairman, Lord Saville of Newdigate, was established in 1998 by British Prime Minister Tony Blair after . Prosecutors announced they were pursuing criminal charges against two British soldiers who took part in the Bloody Sunday. Dossier K , a Belgian crime thriller, portrays the Albanian mafia in Belgium . Almir Rrapo : Leader of the "Krasniqi Crew" based in New York and other US cities. The Bloody Sunday killings cast an indelible stain on British history and scarred the life of more than 30 families and the wider communities of Derry. Sandoval grew up in Alice, TX, a city with a population of approximately 20,000. Bloody Sunday Massacre in Russia . Prison gangs used this to their advantage as they pursued a more diversionary approach to committing acts of homicide. But Sandoval, Mexican American prison gangs, and the larger story of the Mexican American experience within the context of prisons illustrate themes of criminalization, hegemony, and self-determination, topics wholeheartedly important to Mexican American history. Familiarity was both good and bad. However, there was another way in which prison gangs pursued and successfully maintained their power. A myriad of factors may have explained why Sandoval took on the tasks by the Texas Syndicate. Valverde who renounced his former prison gang stated, I had to do a hit on another inmate. While Sandoval hid from authorities prior to the trial he wrote and sent a 24-page letter to his mother Delia Sandoval, whom he asked to then send it to members of the media. When boss Vito Genovese was imprisoned in the late 1950s, various influential members began running the crime family through a ruling panel/committee . We haven't found a single catalogue or brochure for travelling at the agency, computers were not operating, nor has the printer been ever used. His crew, with his vast illegal interests went to Anthony Salerno. Over thirty people lost their lives in a notorious welter of political violence, that made headlines across Ireland and across the world. This complicates mass incarceration scholarship which primarily rests along the Black and White binary of American history. The gang felt that the mother of 3 had crossed the line and ordered TS member Magnaleno Medina to kidnap and murder her. South Texas Syndicate in La Salle County, TX. The unconstitutional findings exposed by the court ruling uncovered issues within the Texas prison system such as overcrowding, inadequate security (collapsed the building tenders), inadequate healthcare, unsafe working conditions, and severe punishment policies. Furthermore, the ability of inmates to force the prison administrators to hear their grievances was developed from the successes of prison reform. Sandoval was caught in the crossfire of prison changes. David Weeks, a special prison prosecutor stated, more than 90 percent of inmate homicides are gang-ordered and more than one-half of the assaults are the result of gang warfare (Klimko, 1987). Italians. In Liberty City the Albanian mob holds a stronghold in the Little Bay section of Bohan. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1990, Texas Syndicate members murder two Houston-area parolees, Anthony Rosalio Acosta, 42, and Jimmy Lopez Rangel, 29, in a desert southeast of El Paso. Simmons published in Prison Legal News October, 2004, page 39. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1984, the Texas Syndicate declares war on the Mexikanemi. His kinship and his familiarity with Mexican American inmates brought him to become close to them. Texas Syndicate Gang Members Busted - Again. More than 15 marchers were hospitalized for injuries suffered in an event known as " Bloody Sunday ." (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1995, the Texas Syndicate declares war on a Mexican gang known as Mexicles.